| 翻訳と辞書 |
Li Si
Li Si (; c. 280 BCSeptember or October 208 BC) was a Chinese politician of the Qin dynasty. He served as the Chancellor (or Prime Minister) of the Qin dynasty from 246–208 BC, well known Legalist writer and politician, and notable calligrapher. He served under two rulers: Qin Shi Huang, the king of the Qin state and later the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty; Qin Er Shi, Qin Shi Huang's youngest son and the Second Emperor.〔Sima Qian, ''Records of the Grand Historian''〕 Stanford University's John Knoblock writes, "Li Si is one of the two or three most important figures in Chinese history. He was largely responsible for the creation of those institutions that made the Qin dynasty the first universal state in Chinese history. He unified the laws, governmental ordinances, and weights and measures. He caused chariots and carts to be made of uniform gauge. He standardized the characters used in writing. By creating such universal institutions, he facilitated the cultural unification of China.
He laid out imperial highways and inaugurated imperial tours of inspection to further the sense of unity. He created a government based solely on merit, so that in the empire sons and younger brothers in the imperial clan were not ennobled, but meritorious ministers were. He pacified the frontier regions by subduing the barbarians to the north and south. He had the weapons of the feudal states brought to the capital, Xianyang, where they were melted and cast into musical bells and huge statues of human figures. He relaxed the draconian punishments inherited from Shang Yang and reduced the taxes. In all this, he acted from a vision of a universal empire. No one before him had so clear an idea of one world comprising all Chinese, bringing with universal dominion universal peace."〔Xunzi Volume 1. p 37. John Knoblock〕
== Early life ==
Li Si was originally from Shang Cai (上蔡) in the State of Chu.〔''Li Si, Chancellor of the Universe in'' 〕 As a young man he was a minor functionary in the local administration of Chu. According to the ''Records of the Great Historian'', one day Li Si observed that rats in the outhouse were dirty and hungry but the rats in the barnhouse were well fed. He suddenly realized that "there is no set standard for honor since everyone's life is different. The values of people are determined by their social status. And like rats, people's social status often depends purely on the random life events around them. And so instead of always being restricted by moral codes, people should do what they deemed best at the moment." He made up his mind to take up politics as a career, which was a common choice for scholars not from a noble family during the Warring States period.
Li Si was unable to advance his career in Chu. He believed that achieving nothing in life while being so intelligent and educated would bring shame to not just himself but to all scholars. After having finished his education with the famous Confucian thinker Xunzi, he moved to the State of Qin, the most powerful state at that time in an attempt to advance his political career.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Li Si」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|